Omega-3 Supplementation in Pregnancy: Effects on Mother and Child

A recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Saei Ghare Naz et al. (published in Health Science Reports) investigates the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy on anthropometric measures of the child (e.g., birth weight, body length) as well as on pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth or preeclampsia.

Key Study Findings

• Positive Effects on Birth Weight: Omega-3 supplementation (especially DHA and EPA) showed a moderate increase in birth weight in newborns.
• Reduction in Preterm Births: The intake of omega-3 fatty acids was associated with a lower risk of preterm births.
• No Significant Impact on Preeclampsia: The study could not demonstrate a clear protection against preeclampsia, although the anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 are known.
• Safety: No serious side effects were reported, making omega-3 a safe option.

The authors emphasize that the effects are dose- and time-dependent – early and regular intake appears to be crucial.

Connection to the Psychophysiological Interaction Model

Within Jürg Hösli's psychophysiological interaction model, nutrition is considered a central building block for the balance between psyche, body, and performance. Omega-3 fatty acids play a key role here, as they not only support cell membrane function and energy metabolism but also have anti-inflammatory effects, thereby positively influencing the sympathetic/parasympathetic balance of the autonomic nervous system. Especially during pregnancy, a phase of high psychophysiological stress, such interventions can help to dampen stress reactions (e.g., via the cortisol axis) and promote the health of both mother and child. A balanced autonomic nervous system in the mother could also affect early childhood development, as stress hormones like cortisol are transferred to the child via the placenta.

Practical Relevance: What Does This Mean for Everyday Life?

The study results underscore the importance of targeted nutrition during pregnancy. Here are some concrete recommendations for action:

• Omega-3-rich diet: Incorporate fatty fish (e.g., salmon, mackerel) 1-2 times per week into your diet. Pay attention to low-pollutant sources.
• Supplementation: If dietary intake is insufficient, a high-quality omega-3 preparation (at least 500 mg DHA/EPA daily) may be beneficial – ideally after consulting a doctor or nutritionist.
• Early Start: Begin as early as possible in pregnancy to achieve the maximum benefit for fetal development.
• Consider Stress Management: Combine nutrition with relaxation techniques (e.g., breathing exercises) to di