Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Circadian Syndrome: Influence on the Internal Clock

A recent study in the British Journal of Nutrition (Zhang et al., 2023) investigates the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid intake and the risk of Circadian Syndrome in adults in the USA. The data comes from the comprehensive NHANES database (2005-2018). Circadian Syndrome describes a disruption of the internal clock, associated with metabolic problems such as obesity, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance. But how are omega-3 fatty acids and circadian regulation connected – and what does this mean for our health?

Key Findings of the Study

• Data Basis: Over 20,000 US adults from the NHANES study (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey).
• Result: Higher intake of omega-3 fatty acids (e.g., through fish or supplements) was associated with a lower risk of Circadian Syndrome.
• Mechanism: Omega-3 fatty acids appear to have anti-inflammatory effects and support the regulation of genes linked to the circadian rhythm (day-night cycle).
• Relevance: Disruptions of the internal clock influence metabolism and stress response – a central factor for chronic diseases.

Connection to the Psychophysiological Interaction Model

In Jürg Hösli's psychophysiological interaction model, the connection between psyche, body, and nutrition is central. The circadian rhythm is an essential component of vegetative balance (sympathetic/parasympathetic), which in turn controls energy metabolism and stress processing. A disturbed internal clock – as in Circadian Syndrome – leads to an imbalance that increases cortisol levels, impairs sleep, and burdens metabolism. Omega-3 fatty acids could act as a nutritional lever here to reduce inflammation and promote the balance of the autonomic nervous system. This underscores Hösli's approach that nutrition is not just “food intake,” but a tool for regulating psychophysiological processes.

Practical Relevance: What Does This Mean for Everyday Life?

The study results suggest that targeted intake of omega-3 fatty acids can act preventatively against disruptions of the internal clock. Concrete recommendations for action:

• Food Choices: Integrate fatty fish (e.g., salmon, mackerel, sardines) 2-3 times a week into your diet.
• Supplementation: For low fish intake, high-quality omega-3 supplements (EPA/DHA) may be beneficial – ideally in consultation with an expert.
• Maintain Rhythm: Combine omega-3 with a stable daily rhythm (regular sleep times, daylight exposure) to support its effect.
• Consider Individuality: Not everyone benefits equally from omega-3. Personality types with high stress susceptibility or existing