EPA Biosynthesis in Microalgae: New Insights for Optimizing Omega-3 Production

A recent study published in The Plant Journal (Zheng et al., 2023) investigates how a crucial bottleneck in the biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an important omega-3 fatty acid, can be overcome in the industrial microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica. The results have not only biotechnological significance but also direct relevance for nutrition and Jürg Hösli's psychophysiological interaction model.

Background of the Study

The researchers identified a so-called "elongation bottleneck" – a limitation in fatty acid chain elongation – as the main reason for the restricted EPA production in Nannochloropsis oceanica. Through targeted genetic modifications, this bottleneck was resolved, significantly boosting EPA synthesis. EPA is essential for human health, particularly for cardiovascular function, inflammation regulation, and neurocognitive processes.

Relevance for the Psychophysiological Interaction Model

In the context of Jürg Hösli's approach, this study demonstrates how nutrition can be used as an intervention to support the balance between psyche and body. Omega-3 fatty acids like EPA directly influence the sympathetic/parasympathetic balance of the autonomic nervous system. Adequate EPA supply can reduce inflammatory processes exacerbated by chronic stress and an overactivated cortisol axis. This positively impacts sleep, the immune system, and even heart rate variability (HRV) – a key biomarker for vegetative balance.

Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of metabolic bottlenecks. Similar to EPA biosynthesis in microalgae, deficiencies can also occur in human energy metabolism, for example, due to micronutrient deficiencies or mitochondrial dysfunction. Hösli's model emphasizes that such bottlenecks often have psychophysiological causes – stress, dietary habits, and personality types play a role.

What Does This Mean for Everyday Life?

The results of this study could lead to more sustainable and efficient production of omega-3-rich supplements or foods in the long term. However, we can act now:

• Adjust your diet: Incorporate omega-3-rich foods such as fatty fish (e.g., salmon, mackerel) or plant-based alternatives like flaxseeds and walnuts into your diet.
• Consider individualization: Not everyone's metabolism processes omega-3 fatty acids with the same efficiency. Ideally, have your needs analyzed by an expert.
• Stress management: Since chronic stress impairs inflammation regulation, supplement an omega-3-rich diet with relaxation techniques such as meditation or breathing exercises.

Conclusion

The overcoming of the bottleneck in EPA biosynthesis in Nannochlo